- Fact 2 - Indians were
initially referred to as Red Skins when the navigator who sailed
with Columbus noticed an red color of their skin which was due
to the ochre they applied for decoration
- Fact 3 - Connecticut1637 - The Pequot War - Indians of Connecticut included
the Narragansetts, Mohegans, Wampanoags, Nipmucks, Pocumtucks,
Abenakis and Pequots. The Pequots were defeated by the
colonists, who were led by John Underhill and John Mason and the
Narragansetts and Mohegans who were their allies.
- Indians Fact 4 - Connecticut1675 - 1677 King Philip's War
so named after Metacomet of the Wampanoag tribe, who was called
Philip by the English. The war was bloody and bitterly fought by
the colonists against the Wampanoags, Narragansetts, Nipmucks,
Pocumtucks, and Abenakis.
- Fact 5 - Arizona1752 - The first permanent Spanish settlement was established in
Tubac, after many revolts from the Pima and Papago Native
Americans tribes
- Indians Fact 6 - Conflict
erupted between settlers and Indians throughout the
1800's
- Fact 7 - Alabama1805 - 1806 - (Choctaw) and northern (Chickasaw and
Cherokee)
Indian cessions open up land to white settlement. 1813 - 1814 -
The Creek Indian War - At the start of the 1500's the Creeks
occupied nearly all of southeast United States. 1836 - 1837 -
The Second Creek War (Seminole War) in which Creek warriors were
defeated at Hobdy's Bridge South Alabama. 1832-1839 - Removal of
the Seminole,
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Creek Indians,
known as the "Five Civilized Tribes", to Indian Territory
- Indians Fact 8 - Arizona1862 - The Apaches, led by Cochise,
attack soldiers at Apache Pass, beginning a ten year war with
settlers. In 1886 - September 4 The great Apache Geronimo
surrenders
- Indians Fact 9 - Colorado- The Plains Indians including
the Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Ute, Kiowa, Lakota and Comanche
nations fought bitter wars over the land during the 1800's led
by chiefs such as Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, and Sitting Bull. One
of the most famous battles was the defeat of General George
Armstrong Custer at the
Battle of Little
Bighornon June 26,
1876. Treaties were made and broken and there were bloody
massacres. The tribes were forced to go to Indian Reservations
- Indians Fact 10 - Delaware- The Indians of
Delaware included the Lenapi , Iroquois, Cherokee and Narwahro
- Fact 11 - Florida- The Indians of Florida included the Apalachee, Calusa,
Cherokee, Seminoles, Timucuan and Tocobago. In 1858 the Seminole
Wars forced all but a few out of Florida
- Indians Fact 12 - Georgia- The Indians of Georgia
included the Cherokee and Creek Nations, almost all of Georgia
was controlled by the Creeks. 1838 - The
Trail of Tears.
Cherokee and Creek Indians are forced from the state
- Fact 13 - Idaho- The Indians of Idaho were the Lemhi Shoshone Bannock,
Nez Perce, Salish, Paiutes and the Piegan Indians
- Indians Fact 14 - Illinois- The Indians of
Illinois were the Illinois tribe (Illini), Iroquois, Chippewa,
Ottawa, and Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Kaskaskia, Miami, Shawnee,
Sauk and Fox tribes. 1800 - Congress creates the Indiana
Territory, which includes Illinois. 1803 - Kaskaskia Indians
cede nearly all of their lands. 1812 - Potawatomi Indians
massacre at Fort Dearborn.1819 - Kickapoo Indians cede their
lands. 1829 - Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi cede lands. 1839
- Cherokee Indians pass through Illinois on the "Trail of Tears"
to Oklahoma
- Indians Fact 15 - Indiana- The Indians of Indiana
were the Illinois tribe (Illini), Chippewa, Delaware, Erie,
Illinois, Iroquois, Kickapoo and Miami
- Indians Fact 16 - Iowa- The Indians of Iowa were
the Chippewa, Dakota, Fox, Illinois, Iowa, Nez Perce, Pahodja,
Pawnee, Winnebago, Missouri, Moingwena, Omaha, Oto, Ottawa,
Peoria, Ponca, Potawatomi, Sauk and Winnebago. 1832 - The "Black
Hawk War" and the Sauk tribe was forced to cede their land
- Fact 17 - Kansas- The Indians of Kansas were the Apache, Arapaho,
Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Comanche, Delaware, Fox, Illinois
and Iroquois
- Indians Fact 18 - Kentucky- The Indians of
Kentucky were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Mosopelea, Shawnee and
Yuchi who became part of the Creek Indian War
- Fact 19 - Louisiana- The Indians of Louisiana were the Adai, Alabama,
Apalachee, Atakapa, Avoyel, Bayogoula, Biloxi, Caddo, Chatot,
Chawasha, Chitimacha, Choctaw, Houma, Koasati, Koroa, Mugulasha,
Muskogee, Natchez, Okelousa, Opelousa, Ouachita, Pascagoula,
Quapaw, Quinipissa, Souchitioni, Tangipahoa, Tawasa, Washa and
Yatasi
- Fact 20 - New Jersey- The Indians of New Jersey were the Abnaki, Malecite,
Passamaquoddy and Pennacook
- Indians Fact 21 - Maryland- The Indians of
Maryland were the Conoy
- Fact 22 - Massachusetts- The Indians of Massachusetts included the The Native
Americans of Massachusetts were the Mohican, Nauset and the
Massachuset. 1675 - 1677 King Philip's War so named after
Metacomet of the Wampanoag tribe, who was called Philip by the
English. This war proved to be the final struggle by the Native
Americans of Massachusetts
- Indians Fact 23 - Michigan- The Indians of
Michigan were the Huron, Menominee, Chippewa, Potawatomi,
Kickapoo, Miami, Noquet and Fox tribes. 1819 - The Treaty of
Saginaw cedes nearly 6 million acres of Indian lands to Michigan
settlers.
- Indians Fact 24 - Minnesota- The Indians of
Minnesota were the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Dakota Sioux,
Fox, Iowa, Omaha, Oto, Ottawa, Ponca, Sauk, Winnebago and
Wyandot Indians tribes
- Fact 25 - Mississippi- The Indians of Mississippi were the Biloxi, Capinans,
Chakchiuma, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Choula, Dakota, Grigra, Houma,
Ibitoupa, Koroa, Moctobi, Natchez, Ofo, Okelousa, Pascagoula,
Pensacola, Quapaw, Taposa, Tiou, Tunica and Yazoo Native
Americans tribes. 1729 - French settlers at Fort Rosalie are
massacred by Natchez Indians. 1732 - The French retaliate for
the massacre at Fort Rosalie decimating the Natchez Indians.
1805 - By the Treaty of Mount Dexter, the Choctaws sell 4.5
million acres of land to the U.S. government and this opens up
land to white settlement
- Indians Fact 26 - Missouri- The Indians of
Missouri were the Caddo, Dakota, Delaware, Fox, Illinois, Iowa,
Kickapoo, Missouri, Omaha, Osage, Oto, Sauk and Shawnee tribes
- Fact 27 - Montana- The Indians of Montana were the Arapaho, Arikara,
Assiniboin, Atsina, Bannock, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Crow,
Dakota, Hidatsa, Kalispel, Kiowa, Kutenai, Mandan, Nez Perce,
Piegan, Salish, Tunahe and the Spokan Indians tribes.
1876 - The Plains Indian wars, the tribes were forced to go to
Indian Reservations. 1876 - Nez Pierce Indian Chief Joseph lead
his people out of Oregon into Montana, but was forced to
surrender in 1877 near Bear's Paw Mountains in northern Montana
- Indians Fact 28 - Nebraska- The Indians of
Nebraska were the were the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche,
Chippewa, Delaware, Fox, Omaha, Fox, Kansas, Kiowa, Missouri,
Iowa Oto, Sauk and the Pawnee tribes. 1830 - The Indian Removal
Act allowing the U.S. government to relocate Indians
west of the Mississippi River
- Indians Fact 29 - Nevada- The Indians of Nevada
were the were the Koso, Paiute, Panamint, Pueblo, Shoshoni and
Ute tribes. 1863 - Western Shoshone Indians sign treaty of Ruby
Valley, signed by Te-Moak. 1880 - Chief Winnemucca died. In 1883
Sarah Winnemucca writes the book "Life among the Piutes" and
establishes Nevada's first school for Indians.
- Indians Fact 30 - New Hampshire- The Indians of
New Hampshire were the were the Abnaki, Malecite, Passamaquoddy
and Pennacook
- Fact 31 - New Jersey- The Indians of New Jersey were the Abnaki, Malecite,
Passamaquoddy and Pennacook
- Indians Fact 32 - New Mexico- The Indians of New
Mexico were the Apache, Comanche, Jemez, Kiowa, Manso, Navaho,
Pecos, Ute and Pueblo Indian tribes. 1680 - Pueblo Indian Revolt
lead by Pope, a Pueblo Indian from the San Juan Pueblo Late
1600's Navajos, Apaches, lies, and Comanches begin raids against
Pueblo Indians. 1696 - Second Pueblo Revolt - the Natives were
defeated. 1786 - Juan Bautista de Anza ( 1736- 1788) makes peace
with the Comanche. 1863 - Known as the "Long Walk," Navajos and
Apaches are forced to walk more than 300 miles from
north-eastern Arizona and north-western New Mexico to Bosque
Redondo. 1886 - Apache chief Geronimo and his followers
surrender to General Nelson A. Miles, thus ending Indian
hostilities cease in the Southwest
- Indians Fact 33 - New York- The Indians of New
York were the Delaware, Erie, Iroquois, Mohawk, Oneida and
Seneca Indians tribes
- Indians Fact 34 - North Carolina- The Indians of
North Carolina included the Bear River Indians, Cape Fear
Indians, Catawba, Cheraw, Cherokee, Chowanoc, Machapunga,
Moratok, Natchez, Occaneechi, Saponi, Shakori, Tuscarora and
Waccamaw tribes. 1711-1713 - The Tuscarora War between the
Tuscarora Indians and European settlers. The Tuscarora
are defeated. 1715 - The Yamasee War - An Indian confederation
led by the Yamasee came close to exterminating the white
settlements in their area
- Fact 35 - North Dakota- The Indians of North Dakota included the Arapaho,
Arikara, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Dakota and Mandan Indians
tribes
- Indians Fact 36 - Ohio- The Indians of Ohio
included the Illinois tribe (Illini), Iroquois, Chippewa,
Delaware, Erie, Ottawa, and Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Kaskaskia,
Miami, Wyandot and Shawnee tribes. 1774 - Indian War / Lord
Dunmore's War - Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, sends in
soldiers to defeat the Native Shawnee Indians who had attacked
the settlers. 1795 - Treaty of Greenville ends the Indian Wars
in Ohio. 1842 - The Wyandots, Ohio's last Indian tribe, leave
Ohio.
- Fact 37 - Oklahoma- Many different tribes from the great Indian Nations were
forced to move from their homelands and were granted land in
Oklahoma
- Indians Fact 38 - Oregon- The Indians of Oregon
included the Ahantchuyuk, Alsea, Bannock, Calapooya, Cayuse,
Chastacosta, Chetco, Hanis, Kuitsh, Miluk, Modoc, Nez Perce,
Shasta, Snake, Takelma, Tillamook, Wallawalla and Yamel tribes
- Indians Fact 39 - Pennsylvania- The Indians of
Pennsylvania included the Delaware, Erie, Honniasont, Iroquois,
Saponi, Shawnee, Susquehanna, Tuscarora, Tutelo and Wenrohronon
tribes. 1764 - Pontiac's Rebellion. The British treated the
former Indian allies of the French like conquered peoples, which
prompted the Ottawa Chief Pontiac (1720-1769) to lead a
rebellion of a number of tribes against the British
- Indians Fact 40 - Rhode Island- The Indians of
Rhode Island included the Nipmuc, Pequot, Wampanoag and
Narraganset tribes. 1675 - 1677 King Philip's War which proved
to be the final struggle by the Indians of Rhode Island
- Indians Fact 41 - South Carolina- The Indians of
South Carolina included the Bear River Indians, Cape Fear
Indians, Catawba, Cheraw, Cherokee, Chowanoc, Machapunga,
Moratok, Natchez, Occaneechi, Saponi, Shakori, Tuscarora and
Waccamaw tribes. 1711-1713 - The Tuscarora War between the
Tuscarora Indians and European settlers. The Tuscarora
are defeated. 1715 - The Yamasee War - An Indian confederation
led by the Yamasee came close to exterminating the white
settlements in their area
- Indians Fact 42 - South Dakota- The Indians of
South Dakota included the Arapaho, Arikara, Cheyenne, Chippewa,
Dakota and Mandan Indians tribes
- Fact 43 - Tennessee- The Indians of Tennessee included the Catawba,
Cherokee, Chiaha, Chickasaw, Mosopelia, Muskogee, Natchez,
Shawnee, Tali, Tuskegee and the Yuchi tribes
- Indians Fact 44 - Texas- The Indians of Texas
included the Apache, Alabama, Atakapa, Biloxi, Caddo, Cherokee,
Choctaw, Comanche, Creeks, Koasati, Koroa, Kiowa, Muskogee,
Pueblos, Quapaw, Shawnee, Waco and Wichita tribes
- Indians Fact 45 - Utah- The Indians of Utah
included the Bannock, Gosiute, Navaho, Paiute, Shoshoni and the
Ute tribes. 1853 The Walker War with the Ute Indians begins over
slavery among the Indians. 1865-1868 Ute Black Hawk War last
major Indian conflict in Utah
- Fact 46 - Vermont- The Indians of Vermont included the Abnaki, Mohican,
Pennacook and the Pocomtuc tribes. 1780 - Last major Indian
raid, led by the British, in Royalton.
- Indians Fact 47 - Virginia- The Indians of
Virginia included the Cherokee, Iroquois, Manahoac, Meherrin,
Monacan, Nottaway, Occaneechi, Saponi and Shawnee tribes. 1744 -
Territory ceded to the English by Indians of the Six Nations
- Indians Fact 48 - Washington- There were many Native
Americans of Washington including the Chinook, Clalskanie,
Columbia, Makah, Nez Perce, Ozette, Palouse, Skin, Wallawalla,
Wynoochee and the Yakima tribes. 1847 - Cayuse Indians attack
Whitman Mission in Walla Walla. 1855 - The Yakima Indian War
lasts for three years.
- Indians Fact 49 - Virginia- The Indians of
Virginia included the Cherokee, Iroquois, Manahoac, Meherrin,
Monacan, Nottaway, Occaneechi, Saponi and Shawnee tribes. 1722 -
Iroquois surrender claims to land south of the Ohio River in
addition to counties in the eastern panhandle
- Indians Fact 50 - Wisconsin- There were many Native
Americans of Wisconsin including the Chippewa, Dakota, Fox,
Iowa, Kickapoo, Mohican, Miami, Munsee, Iroquois, Oto, Ottawa,
Potawatomi, Tionontati, Winnebago and Wyandot tribes. 1764 -
Indian War / Pontiac's Conspiracy aka Pontiac's Rebellion. The
British treated the former Indian allies of the French like
conquered peoples, which prompted the Ottawa Chief Pontiac
(1720-1769) to lead a rebellion of a number of tribes against
the British. 1832 - Black Hawk War was the last native conflict
in the area, led by Chief Black Hawk. An unsuccessful attempt by
the Sauk and Fox tribes to move back to their homeland.
- Indians Fact 51 - Wyoming- There were many Indians
of Wyoming including Arapaho, Bannock, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow,
Dakota, Kiowa, Pawnee, Shoshoni and the Ute tribes. 1854-90 The
Sioux Wars - The Sioux Indians under Sitting Bull and
Crazy Horse resisted waves of settlers and prospectors, to keep
their hunting grounds.
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